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The following is a list of managers of S.S.D. Parma Calcio 1913 and their major honours from the beginning of the club's history in 1913 to the present day. The longest-serving and most successful person to manage Parma is Nevio Scala, who won one Coppa Italia title, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one European Super Cup and a UEFA Cup in his 7-year reign as manager. ==Managerial history== Cesare Maldini joined Parma as manager in 1978 when the club was in Serie C and secured the club promotion back to Serie B in his first year in charge; he left in 1980. Several managers came and went as Parma continued to yo-yo between the leagues, before they returned to Serie B under 1985-appointed Arrigo Sacchi in 1986 after finishing level on points at the top of the league with Modena. Parma's first season back in Serie B was a successful one, missing out on promotion to Italy's top tier by just three points and eliminating A.C. Milan from the Coppa Italia, a result that convinced owner Silvio Berlusconi, to hire Sacchi as the new manager of the ''Rossoneri''. His replacement, Zdeněk Zeman, was fired after just seven matches and replaced by Giampieri Vitali, who secured two mid-table finishes.〔http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1987/10/27/il-parma-esonera-zeman-chiama-vitali.html〕 In 1989, Vitali was replaced by Nevio Scala, who would introduce a 5–3–2 formation that would be the basis for much of the club's success during his reign. Scala's Parma secured promotion from Serie B in 1989-90 and went on to establish themselves as one of the top teams in Parma, winning four major trophies: the Coppa Italia win over Juventus the Cup Winners' Cup at Wembley Stadium in England in 1993; the 1993 European Super Cup with victory over A.C. Milan; the 1995 UEFA Cup after two-legged triumph over Juventus. Carlo Ancelotti was appointed as Scala's replacement in 1996 and immediately overhauled the team that summer, but despite recording the club's highest ever league position in 1997 – second place – and leading the club into the Champions League for the first time, Ancelotti was sacked in 1998 and replaced by Alberto Malesani. Malesani managed the club to its most successful ever season in 1998–99, when it won the Coppa Italia and the UEFA Cup. An unsatisfactory start to the season after next made way for a brief return for Arrigo Sacchi in January 2001, who soon succumbed to poor health and was replaced by Renzo Ulivieri, who was then sacked in October. Daniel Passarella was then hired and soon sacked after a calamitous month in charge. He was succeeded by Pietro Carmignani, who was in charge for the second time and secured a third Coppa Italia triumph, Parma's most recent title. Cesare Prandelli was announced as the new man-in-charge of the Emilian side in May 2002. He lasted two seasons and Silvio Baldini followed him, but was replaced by Pietro Carmignani, who enjoyed his third spell at the helm. Mario Beretta and Stefano Pioli both had an unsuccessful time at the club; the latter being replaced in February 2007 by Claudio Ranieri, who miraculously saved the side from relegation to Serie B before leaving at the end of the season. In the 2007–08 season, Parma again battled with relegation. Three different head coaches (Domenico Di Carlo, Héctor Cúper, and caretaker Andrea Manzo) took charge that season, but none were able to preserve Parma's Serie A status. Parma's stay in Serie B started badly under Luigi Cagni, who was sacked six games into the season and replaced by Francesco Guidolin who guided the club back to Serie A. Guidolin's contract was not renewed and he left for Udinese, swapping posts with Parma's newly appointed Pasquale Marino in the summer of 2010. Marino's time in charge lasted until 3 April 2011, when he was sacked by President Tommaso Ghirardi after a disappointing home defeat to rock-bottom Bari saw Parma fall within two points of the relegation zone with seven matches to go. Experienced coach Franco Colomba replaced him two days later, signing a contract until the summer of 2012. His change to a new 4–4–1–1 formation from Marino's 4–3–3 brought about a dramatic change in fortune. Fuelled by Amauri and Sebastian Giovinco's work in tandem, Parma comfortably avoided relegation, earning some notable scalps along the way. An up and down start to the 2011–12 season saw Parma in a comfortable 10th position after 11 games. However, a six game winless streak culminating in a 5–0 defeat away to Inter was enough for Ghirardi to let Colomba go on 9 January 2012, although Parma were 15th and still 7 points clear of relegation, having picked up 19 points from 17 games. Roberto Donadoni was chosen as his replacement immediately. His initial deal ran until 2013, but this was extended by two years in October 2012. Donadoni led the club to three successful top ten finishes before a bottom-placed finish in the year of the club's bankruptcy in 2015. Luigi Apolloni was appointed head coach of the phoenix club. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of S.S.D. Parma Calcio 1913 managers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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